A Look at Scuba Wet Suits

Scuba wet suits were not taken seriously until World War II and
the advent of Navy Frogmen (SEALs) who became one of America’s
most effective weapons of the war. On any kind of measurable
basis, costs of operations versus costs of effectiveness,
man-to-man, or overall kill ratios, the SEALs exceeded
expectations on any level. Once recognized, the military put a
much time and money into improving the effectiveness of its
frogmen. That meant improving the design, effectiveness and
durability of wet suits. 

There is a controversy that developed at the time over whether
or not wet suits had to remain dry. Sounds like a set up for a
joke but it’s not. All underwater, rubberized protective outfits
are called wetsuits. The controversy was over whether heat loss
from the diver’s body could be controlled better if the wetsuit
kept his skin dry or not. It was Hugh Bradner who is credited
with the first wet suit in 1952. Mr. Bradner was actually
working as a physicist at UC Berkeley’s radiation laboratory
where he was testing the reflections of shock waves on
unicellular material and was invited to attend a Swimmer’s
Symposium. His concept was that the diver’s skin does not have
to stay dry to prevent heat loss if the thermal insulation used
in the wet suit was obtained by air entrapped in the material of
the suit.

With the French invention of the Aqua-Lung, Self Contained
Underwater Breathing Apparatus (SCUBA) was used in the war and
afterwards spawned investigative teams exploring the ocean’s
many mysteries. As soon as this began, the pressing need for
wetsuits was made painfully obvious by the divers suffering from
hypothermia after only a few dives. The divers tried everything
from greased long johns to leftover Air Force survival suits,
and the Bradner wet suit. Bradner was the first to use a
unicellular material similar to the type he was working with in
the radiation laboratory in his wet suit. The material came from
a company called Rubatex and was called Neoprene and the
original model for today’s high-tech, three-level wet suit was
born.